Zongwu cai

oof JournalPre-proof 9DOXLQJWKHLPSDFWRIFOLPDWHFKDQJHRQ&KLQD V economic growth Hongbo Duan, Deyu Yuan, Zongwu Cai, and Shouyang Wang* ABSTRACT There are still many ...

Zongwu cai. Cai, Zongwu and Chen, Jiazi and Niu, Linlin, A Semiparametric Model for Bond Pricing with Life Cycle Fundamental (January 7, 2021). Available at SSRN: …

Zongwu Cai; Yongmiao Hong; This paper gives a selective review on the recent developments of nonparametric methods in continuous-time finance, particularly in the areas of nonparametric estimation ...

Zongwu Cai – University of Kansas, USA Mehmet Caner – North Carolina State University, USA Xu Cheng – University of Pennsylvania, USA Alexander Chudik - Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, USA Aureo de Paula – University College London, UK Stephen Donald – University of Texas, USA Juan Carlos Escanciano – University Carlos III de Madrid ...Biography —. Zongwu Cai is the Charles Oswald Professor of Econometrics and a Professor of Economics at Department of Economics at the University of Kansas. His research interests include econometrics, quantitative finance, risk management, data-analytic modeling, nonlinear and nonstationary time series, and their applications.Dr. Wei Cai: Numerical Study on the Optical Coupling by Evanescent Whispering Gallery Modes Between Two Micro-spheres by using A Discontinuous Spectral Element Method: 24: Henong Li: 2006: Dr. Zongwu Cai: Semiparametric Weak Instrumental Variables Models for Panal and Cross-Sectional Data: 23: John R. Taylor: 2006: Dr. Evan G. HoustonZongwu Cai Huaiyu Xiong In this article, we study a new class of semiparametric instrumental variables models, in which the structural function has a partially varying coefficient functional form.Zongwu Cai, Jianqing Fan and Qiwei Yao. LSE Research Online Documents on Economics from London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library. Abstract: The local linear regression technique is applied to estimation of functional-coefficient regression models for time series data. The models include threshold autoregressive models and ...

Zongwu Cai: Director. Bin He: Director. Benxian Zhang: Director. Ching-Lung Lee: Independent Director. Jen-Chi Lu: Independent Director. Shang-Wu Yu ...Zongwu Cai, Christian Hafner and Guannan Liu Corresponding Author Guannan Liu E-mail [email protected] Statistica Sinica 1 Time-Varying Mixture Copula Models with Copula Selection Bingduo Yang1, Zongwu Cai2, Christian M. Hafner3 and Guannan Liu4 ...Zongwu Cai is Assistan t Professor, Departmen of Mathematics, Univ ersit y of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223. E-mail: [email protected]. Jianqing F an is Professor, Departmen t of Statistics ...Zongwu Cai Department of Mathematics, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA Jianqing Fan Department of Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA Qiwei Yao Department of Statistics, London School of Economics, London, WC2A 2AE, U.K.We are preparing your search results for download ... We will inform you here when the file is ready. Download now!Chair: Zongwu Cai . Session I . Professor Yu-Chin Hsu (Academia Sinica) Consistent Tests for Fractional Degree Stochastic Dominance Relations . Professor Chor-Yiu Sin (National Tsing Hua University) On validity of cluster-robust standard errors in cross-section or panel data . Professor Jui-Chung Yang (National Tsing Hua University)Cai, Zongwu. Fan, Jianqing. Yao, Qiwei. Publication Date. 1999. eScholarship.org. Powered by the California Digital Library. University of California. Page 2 ...Zongwu Cai; Zhijie Xiao; We study quantile regression estimation for dynamic models with partially varying coef-ficients so that the values of some coefficients may be functions of informative ...

Cai, Z. & Wang, X.. (2014) Selection of mixed copula model via penalized likelihood. Journal of the American Statistical Association 109, 788 – 801. 10.1080/01621459.2013.873366 CrossRef Google ScholarAbstract. Researchers have constantly asked whether stock returns can be predicted by some macroeconomic data. However, it is known that macroeconomic data may exhibit nonstationarity and/or heavy tails, which complicates existing testing procedures for predictability. In this paper we propose novel empirical likelihood methods based on …Empir Econ (2015) 48:407–426 DOI 10.1007/s00181-014-0888-5 Forecasting major Asian exchange rates using a new semiparametric STAR model Nan Cai · Zongwu Cai · Ying Fang · Qiuhua Xu Received ...Cai, Zongwu and Fang, Ying and Tian, Dingshi, Assessing Tail Risk Via a Generalized Conditional Autoregressive Expectile Model. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4474460 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4474460. Download This Paper. Open PDF in Browser.

Lawrence boat house.

by Zongwu Cai & Ying Fang & Ming Lin & Shengfang Tang 202116 The Determinants of Electricity Constraints by Firms in Developing Countries by Elizabeth Asiedu & Theophile T. Azomahou & Neepa B. Gaekwa & Mahamady OuedraogoZongwu Cai, Xiyuan Liu Department of Economics, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA January 21, 2021 Abstract: E ects of monetary policy shocks on large amounts of macroeconomic variables are identi ed by a new class of functional-coe cient ...Zongwu Cai, Jiazi Chen and Linlin Liu Additional contact information Zongwu Cai: Department of Economics, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA Jiazi Chen: The Wang Yanan Institute for Studies in Economics, …Xuan Liu, Fang Yang and Zongwu Cai. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 2016, vol. 69, issue C, 229-248 Abstract: We test whether relative risk aversion varies with wealth using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics data in the U.S. Our analytical results indicate the following implications. For each household, there are two channels through ...

Zongwu Cai is Professor, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Uni-versity of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223 (E-mail: [email protected]), and "Minjiang Scholar"" Chair Professor, The Wang Yanan Institute for Studies in Economics, Xiamen UniversityZongwu Cai: Department of Economics, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA No 202021, WORKING PAPERS SERIES IN THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ECONOMICS from University of Kansas, Department of Economics. Abstract: This paper investigates two test statistics for structural changes and thresh- olds in predictive …Cai, Zongwu, 2002. "Regression Quantiles For Time Series," Econometric Theory, Cambridge University Press, vol. 18(1), pages 169-192, February.Toshio Honda, 2000. "Nonparametric Estimation of a Conditional Quantile for α-Mixing Processes," Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Springer;The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, vol. …Shengfang Tang, Zongwu Cai, Ying Fang and Ming Lin Additional contact information Shengfang Tang: Department of Statistics, School of Economics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China Zongwu Cai: Department of Economics, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA Ying Fang: The Wang Yanan Institute for Studies in …Zongwu Cai, Xiyuan Liu Department of Economics, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA July 27, 2021 Abstract The degree of interdependences among holdings of nancial sectors and its varying patterns play important roles in forming systemic risks within a nancial system.LAWRENCE — Zongwu Cai is recognized internationally for his outstanding professional and academic achievements in economics, econometrics and statistics. After eight years of work at the University of Kansas, Cai received an appointment as the Charles Oswald Distinguished Professor of Econometrics, which began at the start of the fall 2021 ...Zongwu Cai, Jianqing Fan and Qiwei Yao. LSE Research Online Documents on Economics from London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library. Abstract: The local linear regression technique is applied to estimation of functional-coefficient regression models for time series data. The models include threshold autoregressive models and ...ZONGWU CAI University of North Carolina at Charlotte In this paper we study nonparametric estimation of regression quantiles for time series data by inverting a weighted Nadaraya-Watson (WNW) estimator of con-ditional distribution function, which was first used by Hall, Wolff, and Yao (1999, Journal of the American Statistical Association …A Quantitative Evaluation of Interest Rate Liberalization Reform in China. Jing Yuan, Yan Peng, Zongwu Cai and Zhengyi Zhang Additional contact information Jing Yuan: School of Statistics, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, ChinaAU - Cai, Zongwu. AU - Fan, Jianqing. AU - Li, Runze. PY - 2000/9/1. Y1 - 2000/9/1. N2 - This article deals with statistical inferences based on the varying-coefficient models proposed by Hastie and Tibshirani. Local polynomial regression techniques are used to estimate coefficient functions, and the asymptotic normality of the resulting ...

Zongwu Cai & Huaiyu Xiong, 2013. "Effient Estimation of Partially Varying Coefficient Instrumental Variables Models," Working Papers 2013-10-14, Wang Yanan Institute for Studies in Economics (WISE), Xiamen University. repec:wyi:journl:002096 is not listed on IDEAS Cai, Zongwu & Li, Qi & Park, Joon Y., 2009.

Biography —. Zongwu Cai is the Charles Oswald Professor of Econometrics and a Professor of Economics at Department of Economics at the University of Kansas. His …Zong-qi Cai (蔡宗齊) is a bicultural U.S./China academic based at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where he teaches Chinese literature and Classical Chinese poetry …Zongwu Cai. (Department of Economics, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA) Gunawan. (Department of Economics, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS …Zongwu Cai & Xiyuan Liu, 2020. " A Nonparametric Dynamic Network via Multivariate Quantile Autoregressions ," WORKING PAPERS SERIES IN THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ECONOMICS 202209, University of Kansas, Department of Economics, revised Mar 2022. Handle: RePEc:kan:wpaper:202209. as.Zongwu Cai. Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, NC 28223, USA. Wang Yanan Institute for Studies in Economics, …Bingduo Yang, Zongwu Cai, Christian M. Hafner and Guannan Liu Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, University of Kansas, Universit e catholique de Louvain and Xiamen University Abstract: Modeling the joint tails of multiple nancial time series has many im-portant implications for risk management. Classical models for dependence oftenView Zongwu Cai’s profile on LinkedIn, the world’s largest professional community. Zongwu has 1 job listed on their profile. See the complete profile on LinkedIn and discover Zongwu’s ...Zongwu Cai and Xian Wang A fundamental issue of applying a copula method in applications is how to choose an appropriate copula function for a given problem. In this article we address this issue by proposing a new copula selection approach via penalized ...LAWRENCE — Zongwu Cai is recognized internationally for his outstanding professional and academic achievements in economics, econometrics and statistics. After eight years of work at the University of Kansas, Cai received an appointment as the Charles Oswald Distinguished Professor of Econometrics, which began at the start of the fall 2021 ...

Nms increase freighter storage.

Ku v texas.

Xuan Liu, Fang Yang and Zongwu Cai. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 2016, vol. 69, issue C, 229-248 Abstract: We test whether relative risk aversion varies with wealth using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics data in the U.S. Our analytical results indicate the following implications. For each household, there are two channels through ...Cai’s research was supported, in part, by the National Nature Science Foundation of China Grants #71131008 (Key Project), #70871003, and #70971113. Ren’s research was supported by a Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province Grant (#2011J01384), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (#2013221022), and the Natural Science …Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming various aspects of business, such as marketing, management, and operations. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive and systematic understanding of AI in business research. This paper provides a state-of-the-art review of AI in business literature and offers a future research agenda for scholars …Zongwu Cai Chung-Ming Kuan In this paper, we study two classes of nonparametric capital asset pricing models. First, we consider a unified nonparametric econometric model for the time-varying be ...Cai, Zongwu Jing, Bingyi Kong, Xinbing and Liu, Zhi 2017. Nonparametric regression with nearly integrated regressors under long-run dependence. The Econometrics Journal, Vol. 20, Issue. 1, p. 118. CrossRef Google …Zongwu Cai Department of Economics, University of Kansas Verified email at ku.edu View all Follow Jianqing Fan Professor of Statistics, Professor of Finance, Princeton University Verified email at princeton.edu - Homepage Statistics machine learning finance ...Zongwu Cai, Chaoqun Ma, Xianhua Mi University of Kansas, Department of Economics, 2020 0 Reviews Reviews aren't verified, but Google checks for and removes fake content when it's identified What people are saying - Write a review We haven't found any Title ...Zongwu Cai University of North Carolina at Charlotte Haiyong Liu Texas State University Xuan Liu East Carolina University - Department of Economics Date Written: March 13, 2019 Abstract This paper explores theoretical implications and …In this article, quantile regression methods are suggested for a class of smooth coefficient time series models. We use both local polynomial and local constant fitting schemes to estimate the smoo... Zongwu Cai Zongwu Cai is Professor, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223 , and …Zongwu Cai (Contact Author) University of North Carolina at Charlotte ( email) 9201 University City Blvd Charlotte, NC 28223 United States 704-687-2650 (Phone) Download This Paper Open PDF in Browser Do you … ….

Instructor: Dr. Zongwu CAI Phone: (785) 864-1886. Office: 352 Snow Hall E-mail: [email protected] Classroom: 452 Snow Hall Lecture Hours: TR 1:00pm - 2:15pm Office Hours: TR 11:00am-12:00pm or by Appointment Teaching Assistant (TA): Jingwei Jin; e-mail: [email protected]. Course Website: http://www.people.ku.edu/~z397c158/teach.html.Chair: Zongwu Cai. Session I. Professor Yu-Chin Hsu (Academia Sinica) Consistent Tests for Fractional Degree Stochastic Dominance Relations. Professor Chor-Yiu Sin (National Tsing Hua University) On validity of cluster-robust standard errors in cross-section or panel data. Professor Jui-Chung Yang (National Tsing Hua University)Get ratings and reviews for the top 11 gutter guard companies in Tega Cay, SC. Helping you find the best gutter guard companies for the job. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home All Projects Featured Content Media Find a Pro About Please en...Zongwu Cai; Zhijie Xiao; We study quantile regression estimation for dynamic models with partially varying coef-ficients so that the values of some coefficients may be functions of informative ...Zongwu Cai & Huaiyu Xiong, 2013. "Effient Estimation of Partially Varying Coefficient Instrumental Variables Models," Working Papers 2013-10-14, Wang Yanan Institute for Studies in Economics (WISE), Xiamen University. repec:wyi:journl:002096 is not listed on IDEAS Cai, Zongwu & Li, Qi & Park, Joon Y., 2009.Cowen & Co. analyst Cai von Rumohr maintained a Buy rating on Boeing (BA – Research Report) today and set a price target of $230.00. ... Cowen & Co. analyst Cai von Rumohr maintained a Buy rating on Boeing (BA – Research Report) ...170 ZONGWU CAI alternative procedure is first to estimate the conditional distribution function using the “double-kernel” local linear technique of Fan, Yao , and Tong ~1996! and then to invert the conditional distribution estimator to produce an estima-tor of a ...202219 Tax Holidays and the Heterogeneous Pass-Through of Gasoline Taxes by Tsvetan Tsvetanov ; 202217 Consumption Loan Augmented Divisia Monetary Index and China Monetary Aggregation by William Barnett & Kun He & Jingtong He ; 202216 New Online Investor Sentiment and Asset Returns by Zongwu Cai & Pixiong Chen ; 202215 …Where to eat, play, and swim on NCL's private island in the Bahamas, plus what is (and isn't) included when you visit Great Stirrup Cay. Known for its luxury ocean liners, cutting-edge onboard attractions, and kids-sail-free cruise deals, N... Zongwu cai, Solving the Price Puzzle Via A Functional Coefficient Factor-Augmented VAR Model. Zongwu Cai and Xiyuan Liu. Additional contact information. No 202106, WORKING PAPERS SERIES IN THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ECONOMICS from University of Kansas, Department of Economics. Abstract: Effects of monetary policy shocks on large …, Zongwu Cai: Department of Economics, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA No 202008, WORKING PAPERS SERIES IN THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ECONOMICS from University of Kansas, Department of Economics. Abstract: Keywords: coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19); Damage assement; Economic impacts; Economy …, Instructor: Dr. Zongwu CAI Phone: (785) 864-1886. Office: 352 Snow Hall E-mail: [email protected] Classroom: 452 Snow Hall Lecture Hours: TR 1:00pm - 2:15pm Office Hours: TR 11:00am-12:00pm or by Appointment Teaching Assistant (TA): Jingwei Jin; e-mail: [email protected]. Course Website: http://www.people.ku.edu/~z397c158/teach.html., Semiparametric Estimation and Model Selection for Conditional Mixture Copula Models Guannan Liu1, Wei Long2, Bingduo Yang3, and Zongwu Cai4 1School of Economics and WISE, Xiamen University 2Department of Economics, Tulane University 3Lingnan (University) College, Sun Yat-Sen University 4Department of Economics, …, Zongwu Cai: Department of Economics, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA Ying Fang: The Wang Yanan Institute for Studies in Economics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China and Department of Statistics & Data Science, School of Economics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China, Zongwu Cai. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199568444.013.6. Pages. 166–186. Published: 08 August 2018. Cite. Permissions. Share. Abstract. This article discusses the …, Suggested Citation. Zongwu Cai & Xiyuan Liu, 2020. " A Nonparametric Dynamic Network via Multivariate Quantile Autoregressions ," WORKING PAPERS SERIES IN …, Zongwu Cai. University of Kansas - School of Business - Economics Area. Shouyang Wang. Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) - Academy of Mathematics and …, Chair: Zongwu Cai. Session I. Professor Yu-Chin Hsu (Academia Sinica) Consistent Tests for Fractional Degree Stochastic Dominance Relations. Professor Chor-Yiu Sin (National Tsing Hua University) On validity of cluster-robust standard errors in cross-section or panel data. Professor Jui-Chung Yang (National Tsing Hua University), Zongwu Cai University of North Carolina at Charlotte Haiyong Liu Texas State University Xuan Liu East Carolina University - Department of Economics Date Written: March 13, 2019 Abstract This paper explores theoretical implications and …, Selection of Mixed Copula Model via Penalized Likelihood Zongwu CAI and Xian WANG ..., Shengfang Tang a, Zongwu Cai b, Ying Fang a, c, Ming Lin a, c, * a Wang Yanan Institute for Studies in Economics and Fujian Key Laboratory of Statistical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen ..., Zongwu Caia,b and Zhijie Xiaoc aDepartment of Mathematics & Statistics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA, E-mail: [email protected]. ... Cai’s research was supported, in part, by the National Science Foundation of China grants #70871003 and #70971113, and funds provided by the University ..., Zongwu Cai: Department of Economics, The University of Kansas Ying Fang: The Wang Yanan Institute for Studies in Economics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China No 201807, WORKING PAPERS SERIES IN THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ECONOMICS from University of Kansas, Department of Economics., Zongwu Cai. The Charles Osward Professor of Econometrics, Department of Economics, University of Kansas, Lawrence, USA 66045 and Xiamen University, Xiamen, China, Rong Chen. Department of Statistics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, USA 08854, Our estimates suggest that the outbreak will have the greatest impact on China's economy in the first quarter at −11.8%, which means the real GDP growth rate for this quarter will be below −6%, and this influence will quickly fall back to −2.4% in the second quarter ( Fig. 2 b) and fade in the second half of the year., Biography —. Zongwu Cai is the Charles Oswald Professor of Econometrics and a Professor of Economics at Department of Economics at the University of Kansas. His research interests include econometrics, quantitative finance, risk management, data-analytic modeling, nonlinear and nonstationary time series, and their applications. , Zongwu Cai. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199568444.013.6. Pages. 166–186. Published: 08 August 2018. Cite. Permissions. Share. Abstract. This article discusses the …, Zongwu Cai and. Qi Li. Show author details. Zongwu Cai: Affiliation: University of North Carolina at Charlotte and Xiamen University. Qi Li*: Affiliation: Texas ..., Zongwu Cai: Department of Economics, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA Ying Fang: The Wang Yanan Institute for Studies in Economics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China and Department of Statistics & Data Science, School of Economics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China, Dr. Wei Cai: Numerical Study on the Optical Coupling by Evanescent Whispering Gallery Modes Between Two Micro-spheres by using A Discontinuous Spectral Element Method: 24: Henong Li: 2006: Dr. Zongwu Cai: Semiparametric Weak Instrumental Variables Models for Panal and Cross-Sectional Data: 23: John R. Taylor: 2006: Dr. Evan G. Houston, Zongwu CAI | Cited by 4,323 | of University of Kansas, Kansas (KU) | Read 182 publications | Contact Zongwu CAI, Zongwu Cai Department of Mathematics, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA Jianqing Fan Department of Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA Runze Li Department of Statistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA, Zongwu Cai: Department of Economics, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA Ying Fang: The Wang Yanan Institute for Studies in Economics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China and Department of Statistics & Data Science, School of Economics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China, Cai, Z. & Wang, X.. (2014) Selection of mixed copula model via penalized likelihood. Journal of the American Statistical Association 109, 788 – 801. 10.1080/01621459.2013.873366 CrossRef Google Scholar, Zongwu Cai, Chaoqun Ma, Xianhua Mi University of Kansas, Department of Economics, 2020 0 Reviews Reviews aren't verified, but Google checks for and removes fake content when it's identified What people are saying - Write a review We haven't found any Title ..., Instructor: Dr. Zongwu CAI Phone: (785) 864-1886. Office: 352 Snow Hall E-mail: [email protected] Classroom: 452 Snow Hall Lecture Hours: TR 1:00pm - 2:15pm Office Hours: TR 11:00am-12:00pm or by Appointment Teaching Assistant (TA): Jingwei Jin; e-mail: [email protected]. Course Website: http://www.people.ku.edu/~z397c158/teach.html., In this article, quantile regression methods are suggested for a class of smooth coefficient time series models. We use both local polynomial and local constant fitting schemes to estimate the smoo... Zongwu Cai Zongwu Cai is Professor, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223 , and …, In this article, quantile regression methods are suggested for a class of smooth coefficient time series models. We use both local polynomial and local constant fitting schemes to estimate the smoo... Zongwu Cai Zongwu Cai is Professor, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223 , and …, há 19 horas ... ... Cai Zifeng, were killed in this battle. ] 】 [Although the ten elders of the Sun Moon Sect were injured and returned, they captured the ..., Zongwu Cai. Charles Oswald Distinguished Professor of Econometrics. Masters Program Advisor. Contact Info. [email protected]. 785-864-1886. Office Phone: 785-864-1886. …, Semiparametric estimation and model selection for conditional mixture copula models Guannan Liu, Wei Long, Bingduo Yang and Zongwu Cai Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, 2022, vol. 49, issue 1, 287-330 Abstract: Conditional copula models allow the dependence structure among variables to vary with covariates, and thus can describe the evolution of …, Zongwu Caia,b and Zhijie Xiaoc aDepartment of Mathematics & Statistics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA, E-mail: [email protected]. ... Cai’s research was supported, in part, by the National Science Foundation of China grants #70871003 and #70971113, and funds provided by the University ...