Dast score interpretation

Scoring and interpretation: A score of “1” is given for each YES response, except for items 4,5, and 7, for which a NO response is given a score of “1.” Based on data from a heterogeneous psychiatric patient population, cutoff scores of 6 through 11 are considered to be optimal for screening for substance use disorders.

Scores are summed for each scale (D = Depression, A = Anxiety, S = Stress), and the total for each scale multiplied by 2. A guide to interpreting DASS scores is provided in Table …The Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) Purpose: The purpose of the DAST is (1) to provide a brief, simple, practical, but valid method for identifying individuals who are abusing psychoactive drugs; and (2) to yield a quantitative index score of the degree of problems related to drug use and misuse. Clinical utility: Screening and case finding ...The Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) was developed in 1982 and is still an excellent screening tool. ... Scoring and interpretation: A score of “1” is given for ...Aug 24, 2021 · The DAST-20 is a stand-alone instrument or can be coupled with the DAST-10 to address the co-occurring use of alcohol and drugs. Those who scored 6-10 are considered to have moderate disease and would require intensive outpatient intervention; scores within 11-15 indicate significant severity, while those scores 16-20 have severe substance abuse. Scoring the DAST-20 . Adopted or excerpted from materials provided by Dr. Harvey Skinner (January 5, 2009) Scoring The DAST-20 Score 1 point for each question answered ''yes,'' except for Questions 4 and 5, for which a ''no” receives 1 point. DAST-20 Interpretation Guide Score Severity Intervention Recommended 0 N/A N/A Scoring and interpretation: The DAST-10 comprises ten questions. All ten questions are each scored ‘yes’ or ‘no’. Score 1 point for each question answered “Yes,” except for question 3 for which a “No” receives 1 point. A total score is calculated by summing the …

Use of scoring code is granted under CC BY-SA 4.0 permissions. The Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL90) is a 90-item questionnaire used to assess psychological problems. The Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL90R) is the revised version of the questionnaire. The revised version is almost identical (2 questions with slightly different wording), but the ...The Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST [36] ), a 10-item instrument, quantifies negative consequences related to non-alcohol drug use. The Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale ...Each “yes” answer is given a score of 1, except for questions 4 & 5 in which the “no” answer is given a score of 1 (DAST, 2014). Scores are added up and checked against the DAST Interpretation Guide which includes suggested actions to take along with the American Society of Addiction Medicine Placement Criteria level of care (ASAM, 2020).Requires significant expertise: Traditional DAST tools require specialized expertise to interpret the results and determine the severity of any identified ...Guidelines for Interpretation of DAST-10 Interpretation (Each “Yes” response = 1) Score Degree of Problems Related to Drug Abuse Suggested Action 0 No problems reported Encouragement and education 1-2 Low level Risky behavior – feedback and advice 3-5 Moderate level Harmful behavior – feedback and counseling; A total score is computed as a sum of item values as seen in the table below. Total scores range from 0 to 53. MAST Point System Question Points Assigned 1. (negative responses are alcoholic) 2 2. 2 3. 1 4. (negative responses are alcoholic) 2 5. 1 6.The DAST-10 is a self-administered screening instrument. Scoring and Interpretation – For the DAST-10, score 1 point for each question answered, “YES”, except for question (3) for which a “NO” answer receives 1 point and (0) for a “YES”. Add up the points and interpretations are as followed: DAST-10 Degree of Problem Suggested

Scoring and interpretation: A score of “1” is given for each YES response, except for items 4,5, and 7, for which a NO response is given a score of “1.” Based on data from a heterogeneous psychiatric patient population, cutoff scores of 6 through 11 are considered to be optimal for screening for substance use disorders. Scores from 8 to 14 suggest hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption and a score of 15 or more indicates the likelihood of alcohol dependence (moderate-severe alcohol use disorder). Results from the original WHO study showed that the term “drink” in questions 2 and 3 encompassed amounts of alcohol ranging from 8 grams to 13 grams.The Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) Purpose: The purpose of the DAST is (1) to provide a brief, simple, practical, but valid method for identifying individuals who are abusing psychoactive drugs; and (2) to yield a quantitative index score of the degree of problems related to drug use and misuse. Clinical utility: Screening and case finding ... The DAST may be used in a variety of settings to provide a quick index of drug abuse problems.</p> <p>The DAST-10 is a 10-item self-report instrument that has been condensed from the 28-item DAST. It was copyrighted in 1982 by Harvey Skinner, PhD and the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada. Feb 1, 1982 · The Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST [36] ), a 10-item instrument, quantifies negative consequences related to non-alcohol drug use. The Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale ... The GAD-7 Score Report includes treatment recommendations based on an individual’s score. These proposed treatment actions, shown in Table 2, are based on recommendations by Spitzer et al. (2006). Individuals with a score of 8 or higher are considered likely to be diagnosed with an anxiety or related disorder. Diagnosis Sensitivity % (95% CI)

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for people with NAFLD and advanced liver fibrosis (as diagnosed by a score of 10.51 or above using the enhanced liver fibrosis [ELF] test).” It is not recommended to offer tests to diagnose cirrhosis for people who are obese (BMI of 30 kg/m2 or higher) or have type 2 diabetes unless they have NAFLD and advanced liver fibrosis (as diagnosed by a score …The AUDIT appeared to yield much higher likelihood ratio values for the detection of crack or cocaine use than those estimated for the DAST-10 (likelihood ratios: AUDIT score ≥8, 3.51; AUDIT score ≥16, …Each “yes” answer is given a score of 1, except for questions 4 & 5 in which the “no” answer is given a score of 1 (DAST, 2014). Scores are added up and checked against the DAST Interpretation Guide which includes suggested actions to take along with the American Society of Addiction Medicine Placement Criteria level of care (ASAM, 2020).Drug Use Questionnaire (DAST - 20) A 10-item, yes/no self-report instrument designed to provide a brief instrument for clinical screening and treatment evaluation and can be used with adults and older youth. DAST scores are highly diagnostic with respect to a DSM diagnosis of psychoactive drug dependence. The DAST is available in both 20-item and 10-item formats; an Adolescent version is also available. In addition, the DAST provides a general measure of lifetime problem severity that can be used to guide further inquiry into drug-related problems ...

The Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) was designed to provide a brief instrument for clinical screening and treatment evaluation research. The 28 self-report items tap various consequences that are combined in a total DAST score to yield a quantitative index of problems related to drug misuse. Measurement properties of the DAST were evaluated ... Scoring and Interpretation Information. The total score represents overall distress (0 to 30), with higher scores indicating more severe or greater number of symptoms. Two …Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-10) The following questions concern information about your possible involvement with drugs not including alcoholic beverages during the past 12 months. “Drug abuse” refers to (1) the use of prescribed or over-the-counter drugs in excess of the directions, and (2) any nonmedical use of drugs.The DAST-10 is a self-administered screening instrument. Scoring and Interpretation – For the DAST-10, score 1 point for each question answered, “YES”, except for question (3) for which a “NO” answer receives 1 point and (0) for a “YES”. Add up the points and interpretations are as followed: DAST-10 Degree of Problem Sug gested— Explanation should be given to patients about the content of the questions ... DAST Score. Intervention. I. 0. Education. II. 1-2. Brief Intervention. III. 3-5.WHODAS 2.0 covers 6 Domains of Functioning, including: Cognition – understanding & communicating. Mobility– moving & getting around. Self-care– hygiene, dressing, eating & staying alone. Getting along– interacting with other people. Life activities– domestic responsibilities, leisure, work & school. Participation– joining in ...for people with NAFLD and advanced liver fibrosis (as diagnosed by a score of 10.51 or above using the enhanced liver fibrosis [ELF] test).” It is not recommended to offer tests to diagnose cirrhosis for people who are obese (BMI of 30 kg/m2 or higher) or have type 2 diabetes unless they have NAFLD and advanced liver fibrosis (as diagnosed by a score …TEMPLATE FOR SCORING THE DAST-10© Score:_____ Score 1 point for each question answered “yes,” except for question 3 for which a “no” receives 1 point. DAST-10 Interpretation Score Degree of Problems Related to Drug Abuse Suggested Action 0 No problems reported. None at this time. 1-2 Low level. Monitor, reassess at a later date.DAST scores are highly diagnostic with respect to a DSM diagnosis of psychoactive drug dependence. The DAST is available in both 20-item and 10-item formats; an Adolescent version is also available. In addition, the DAST provides a general measure of lifetime problem severity that can be used to guide further inquiry into drug-related problems ...

DAST-10 Introduction The Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-10) is a 10-item brief screening tool that can be administered by a clinician or self-administered. Each question requires a yes or no response, and the tool can be completed in less than 8 minutes. This tool assesses drug use, not including alcohol or tobacco use, in the past 12 months.

Scoring and interpretation: A score of “1” is given for each YES response, except for items 4,5, and 7, for which a NO response is given a score of “1.”. Based on data from a heterogeneous psychiatric patient population, cutoff scores of 6 through 11 are considered to be optimal for screening for substance use disorders. Name: Date: Score: . 1. Have you used drugs other than those required for medical reasons? Yes. No. 2. Have you abused prescription drugs?Property transfer records are essential documents that provide valuable information about the history of a property. Property transfer records, also known as deed records or land records, are legal documents that track the ownership history...SIPAT TOTAL Score: _____ SIPAT Score Interpretation 0 – 6 Excellent candidate Recommend to list without reservations. 7 – 20 Good candidate Recommend to list – although monitoring of identified risk factors may be required. 21 – 39 Minimally Acceptable Candidate Consider Listing. Identified risk factors must beDrug Abuse Screening Test, DAST-10 The following questions concern information about your possible involvement with drugs not including ... Interpretation of Score ...Drug Abuse Screening Test, DAST-10 The following questions concern information about your possible involvement with drugs not including ... Interpretation of Score ...DAST – 10 Scores and Zones Scoring: Score 1 point for each question answered “Yes,” except for question 3 for which a “No” receives 1 point Score Risk Level Intervention 0 Zone 1: No risk Simple advice: Congratulations this means you are abstaining from excessive use of prescribed or over-the- and score. Administration: The CRAFFT is a self-administered screening but it can be read to the adolescent if necessary. Scoring and Interpretation: Score (1) point for each “YES” answer. A score of (2) or more indicates the need for further assessment. Degree of Problem CRAFFT Related to Suggested

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26 thg 9, 2023 ... ... DAST-10 score. A positive association was also observed for each ... Mean difference in DAST-10 for each drug class is interpreted as the ...Drug Abuse Screen Test (DAST, also known as DAST-10). This test contains 10 yes or no questions about how much and how often you take drugs. It also asks if the drugs are causing problems in your life and health. The answers are scored on a point system. A score of 8 or more may indicate a drug problem. DAST can be administered to young children, their drawings could look androgynous. For example, one of the stereotype factors to look for is whether the drawn scientist is a male. A young child’s drawing of a stick-like figure would be difficult to interpret and score in terms of gender. Thus these simplistic figures could give a false sense that stereotype …The Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) is a widely used tool for assessing the severity and consequences of drug abuse or dependence. This pdf document provides an overview of the DAST, its history, development, psychometric properties, scoring, interpretation, and applications. It also includes the DAST-10 and DAST-A versions, which are shorter and adapted for specific populations.A cut-off score of 11 indicates that a respondent admits to a history that is significant for problems related to drug use. The DAST has a Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of 0.90 (Langevin & Lang, 1990; Yudko, Lozhkina, & Fouts, 2007). The DAST was administered upon admission to the program. Scoring was conducted by a trained …DAST-10 - page 1. Skinner HA (1982). The Drug Abuse Screening Test. Addictive Behavior. 7(4):363-371. Yudko E, Lozhkina O, Fouts A (2007). A comprehensive review of the psychometric properties of the Drug Abuse Screening Test. J Subst Abuse Treatment. 32:189-198.DAST - is available. Administration Time: 5 minutes. Scoring Time: 2 minutes. Training No special training is required for the administration of this ...DAST-10: Scoring and interpretation Appendix X: Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT) Appendix Y: The Michigan Alcohol Screening Test (MAST) Appendix Z: Suicide risk screener scorer and interpretation Appendix AA: Referral pro forma Appendix BB: Cognitive behavioural techniques Appendix CC: Anxiety management techniques WorksheetsDrug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-10) General Instructions “Drug use” refers to (1) the use of prescribed or over-the-counter drugs in excess of the directions, and (2) any nonmedical use of drugs. The various classes of drugs may include cannabis (i.e., marijuana, hashish), solvents (e.g., paint thinner), tran- ….

Drug Abuse Screening Test, DAST-10 The following questions concern information about your possible involvement with drugs not including ... Interpretation of Score ... Scoring and interpreting the DAST: 1. “Yes” responses are one point, “No” responses are zero points. All response scores are added for a total score. 2. The total score correlates with a zone of use, which can be circled on the bottom right corner. Positive Health Message: Reinforce positive choices and educate about risks of drug usepoint. A total score is calculated by summing the points obtained for each DAST-10 question. The minimum total score possible is 0, and the maximum total score possible is 10 (i.e. total score range: 0-10). DAST-10 score interpretation Tool citation: Skinner, H.A. The Drug Abuse Screening Test. Addictive Behaviors, 1982. 7(4): 363-371.DAST-10 INTERPRETATION DAST- 1 0 Degree of Problems Related to Drug Abuse Suggested Score Action 0 No problems reported none at this time ... 9- 10 Severe level …The 21 item D epression A nxiety S tress S cale questionnaire is used as a quantitative measure of distress along the 3 axes of depression, anxiety and stress reactions and management. Each of the questions is rated from 0 to 3. Therefore each of the axes presents partial scores of 0 to 18-24 depending on the number of questions assigned.The DUDIT had sensitivity and specificity scores of 0.95 and 0.79, respectively, when using the optimal cut-off score of 10, whereas these scores were 0.88 and 0.74 for the DAST-10 when using the ...The DAST may be used in a variety of settings to provide a quick index of drug abuse problems.</p> <p>The DAST-10 is a 10-item self-report instrument that has been condensed from the 28-item DAST. It was copyrighted in 1982 by Harvey Skinner, PhD and the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada. The Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) is a widely used tool for assessing the severity and consequences of drug abuse or dependence. This pdf document provides an overview of the DAST, its history, development, psychometric properties, scoring, interpretation, and applications. It also includes the DAST-10 and DAST-A versions, which are shorter and adapted for specific populations. The DUDIT had sensitivity and specificity scores of 0.95 and 0.79, respectively, when using the optimal cut-off score of 10, whereas these scores were 0.88 and 0.74 for the DAST-10 when using the ...A no-hit credit score means that there is not enough information on the credit report to calculate a credit score. This usually is because the person has not built up a credit history. In order to calculate a credit score, there must be at ... Dast score interpretation, The Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) was developed in 1982 and is still an excellent screening tool. ... Scoring and interpretation: A score of "1" is given for each YES response, except for items 4,5, and 7, for which a NO ... with the total scale scores appear to be items 4,7,16,20, and 22. Created Date: 4/5/2005 9:36:19 AM ..., Oct 11, 2023 · The MAST screening tool is a 25-question test that is used to help identify an alcohol dependency. MAST stands for The Michigan Alcohol Screening Test. There are also shortened, and modified versions published over time including the Brief MAST, SMAST, and Mm-MAST. Questions included in MAST may be related to: risks associated with drinking ... , Tally scores from questions 1-9 under “Low Mood.” Scores represent: o 5-9 = mild depression o 10-14 = moderate depression o 15-19 = moderately severe depression o 20-27 = severe depression GAD-7 Anxiety Severity Tally scores from questions 1-7 under “Anxiety.” Scores represent: o 0-4 = minimal anxiety o 5-9 =mild anxiety, The PHQ-9 test evaluates several factors. These factors revolve around the criteria used to professionally diagnose depression under the current "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" ( DSM-5) and include: . Feeling depressed or irritable. Loss of interest or loss of pleasure in doing things., AUDIT Scores and Zones Score Risk Level Intervention 0-7 Zone 1: Low Risk Use Alcohol education to support low-risk use –reinforce positive behavior 8-15 Zone 2: At Risk Use Brief Intervention (BI), provide advice focused on reducing hazardous drinking 16-19 Zone 3: High Risk Use Brief Treatment (BT) – Extended Brief, Score interpretation. MAST questions are answered with either yes or no and carry weights of 1, 2 or 5 points. Questions considered to have a high discriminating power are awarded 5 points. This alcoholism screening tool may appear fairly complex to score because the weight of each item depends on whether the wording is positive or negative. , 12) Skinner, H. A. (1982). The Drug Abuse Screening Test. Addictive Behavior, 7(4),363–371. 13) Martino S, Grilo CM, Fehon DC. Development of the drug abuse screening test for adolescents (DAST-A). Addict Behav. 2000 Jan-Feb;25(1):57-70 14) Wesson DR, Ling W. The clinical opiate withdrawal scale (COWS). Journal of psychoactive drugs. 2003; (2 ..., DAST instrument for clinical and non-(Drug Abuse Screening Instrument) The DAST is a 28 item clinical screening to detect drug abuse or dependence disorders. It is most useful in settings in which seeking treatment for drug use problems is not the patient's stated goal. A 20 item version – also referred to as the DAST - is available , Tally scores from questions 1-9 under “Low Mood.” Scores represent: o 5-9 = mild depression o 10-14 = moderate depression o 15-19 = moderately severe depression o 20-27 = severe depression GAD-7 Anxiety Severity Tally scores from questions 1-7 under “Anxiety.” Scores represent: o 0-4 = minimal anxiety o 5-9 =mild anxiety, Are you looking for a comfortable armchair at an affordable price? If so, you’re in luck. With a few simple steps, you can find a used armchair in your area that fits your budget. Here are some tips on how to score an affordable used armcha..., Use of scoring code is granted under CC BY-SA 4.0 permissions. The Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) is a 28-item questionnaire used as a screening instrument for the abuse of drugs other than alcohol. ITEM CODING Each item is answered as either “yes” or “no”. A “yes” response is scored as a “1” except for items 4, 5, and 7 which ... , Risk Level AUDIT DAST-10 Recommended Intervention No/Low 0-6 (Women); 0-7 (Men) 0 Screening and Feedback At-Risk 7-15 (Women); 8-15 (Men) 1-2 Brief Intervention* Moderate 16-19 3-5 Brief Treatment* High 20+ 6+ Referral to Treatment* * Indicates that you should use a brief negotiated interview to complete this intervention, audit criteria were offered. Score zero. • Editorial independence: No information was given regarding funding or competing interests. Score 25%. • Overall, the guideline was rated as of poor quality, with a score of 2 (where 1 = lowest possible quality, and 7 = highest possible quality). The most important limitation was the lack of, The DAST-10 is a self-administered screening instrument. Scoring and Interpretation – For the DAST-10, score 1 point for each question answered, “YES”, except for question (3) for which a “NO” answer receives 1 point and (0) for a “YES”. Add up the points and interpretations are as followed: DAST-10 Degree of Problem Sug gested, for people with NAFLD and advanced liver fibrosis (as diagnosed by a score of 10.51 or above using the enhanced liver fibrosis [ELF] test).” It is not recommended to offer tests to diagnose cirrhosis for people who are obese (BMI of 30 kg/m2 or higher) or have type 2 diabetes unless they have NAFLD and advanced liver fibrosis (as diagnosed by a score …, DAST - is available. Administration Time: 5 minutes. Scoring Time: 2 minutes. Training No special training is required for the administration of this ..., The Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) was designed to provide a brief instrument for clinical screening and treatment evaluation research. The 28 self-report items tap various consequences that are combined in a total DAST score to yield a quantitative index of problems related to drug misuse. Measurement properties of the DAST were evaluated ..., Scoring and interpretation: A score of “1” is given for each YES response, except for items 4,5, and 7, for which a NO response is given a score of “1.”. Based on data from a heterogeneous psychiatric patient population, cutoff scores of 6 through 11 are considered to be optimal for screening for substance use disorders. , Tally scores from questions 1-9 under “Low Mood.” Scores represent: o 5-9 = mild depression o 10-14 = moderate depression o 15-19 = moderately severe depression o 20-27 = severe depression GAD-7 Anxiety Severity Tally scores from questions 1-7 under “Anxiety.” Scores represent: o 0-4 = minimal anxiety o 5-9 =mild anxiety, scores that indicate a brief intervention. 2; Brief treatment as part of SBIRT involves 5-12 sessions, lasting up to an hour. Among State SBIRT grantees funded by SAMHSA, about 3% of patients receive a score that dictates a brief ... Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST), Alcohol, Smoking, Substance Involvement, Screening Test (ASSIST), and the Cut Down, …, MAST score interpretation. Each of the 24 questions in this alcoholism test is answered by either yes or no, each of the choices having weights of 0, 1, 2 and 5 points. Usually one answer scores 0 points while the opposite answer scores 1, 2 or 5 points. , Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-10) Skinner HA (1982). The Drug Abuse Screening Test. Addictive Behavior. 7(4):363-371. Yudko E, Lozhkina O, Fouts A (2007). A comprehensive review of the psychometric properties of the Drug Abuse Screening Test. J Subst Abuse Treatment. 32:189-198. 7. Have you neglected your family because of your use of drugs ..., Tally scores from questions 1-9 under “Low Mood.” Scores represent: o 5-9 = mild depression o 10-14 = moderate depression o 15-19 = moderately severe depression o 20-27 = severe depression GAD-7 Anxiety Severity Tally scores from questions 1-7 under “Anxiety.” Scores represent: o 0-4 = minimal anxiety o 5-9 =mild anxiety, Cuestionario de prueba de detección de drogas (DAST‐10, por sus siglas en inglés) Debido a que el usode drogas puede afectar su salud,necesitamos hacerlealgunas preguntas sobre su uso de las drogas. Si se siente incómodo al completar este formulario, hágaselo saber a su proveedor de salud., Interprétation suggérée des scores. Score DAST. 0. 1-5. 6-10. 11-15. 16-20 ... and Scoring". The Addiction Research Foundation. 10. Drug Abuse Screening Test ( ..., 12 thg 7, 2010 ... The DAST-10 yields a score of 0 to 10. A total of more than 2 points is considered a positive screening test result. ... We calculated 95% ..., Scores from 8 to 14 suggest hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption and a score of 15 or more indicates the likelihood of alcohol dependence (moderate-severe alcohol use disorder). Results from the original WHO study showed that the term “drink” in questions 2 and 3 encompassed amounts of alcohol ranging from 8 grams to 13 grams. , The Quick DASH is an abbreviated version of the original DASH outcome measure. In comparison to the original 30 item DASH outcome measure, the Quick DASH only contains 11 items [5] It is a questionnaire that measures an individual’s ability to complete tasks, absorb forces, and severity of symptoms [5] The Quick DASH tool uses a 5-point ... , The GAD-7 Score Report includes treatment recommendations based on an individual’s score. These proposed treatment actions, shown in Table 2, are based on recommendations by Spitzer et al. (2006). Individuals with a score of 8 or higher are considered likely to be diagnosed with an anxiety or related disorder. Diagnosis Sensitivity % (95% CI), A total score is calculated by summing the points obtained for each DAST-10 question. The minimum total score possible is 0, and the maximum total score possible is 10 (i.e. total score range: 0-10). DAST-10 score interpretation , The GAD-7 Score Report includes treatment recommendations based on an individual’s score. These proposed treatment actions, shown in Table 2, are based on recommendations by Spitzer et al. (2006). Individuals with a score of 8 or higher are considered likely to be diagnosed with an anxiety or related disorder. Diagnosis Sensitivity % (95% CI) , As the DAST score increases there is a corresponding rise in the level of drug problems reported. A maximum score of 10 (DAST-10) or 20 (DAST-20) would indicate substantial problems. Thus, as the DAST total score increases one may interpret that a given individual has accrued an increasingly diverse range of drug, DRUG USE QUESTIONNAIRE (DAST-10) The following questions concern information about your possible involvement with drugs, not including alcoholic beverages, during the past 12 months. Carefully read each statement and decide if your answer is "Yes" or "No." Then, circle the appropriate response beside the question.